Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been widely applied to different tasks such as bioinformatics, drug design, and social networks. However, recent studies have shown that GNNs are vulnerable to adversarial attacks which aim to mislead the node or subgraph classification prediction by adding subtle perturbations. Detecting these attacks is challenging due to the small magnitude of perturbation and the discrete nature of graph data. In this paper, we propose a general adversarial edge detection pipeline EDoG without requiring knowledge of the attack strategies based on graph generation. Specifically, we propose a novel graph generation approach combined with link prediction to detect suspicious adversarial edges. To effectively train the graph generative model, we sample several sub-graphs from the given graph data. We show that since the number of adversarial edges is usually low in practice, with low probability the sampled sub-graphs will contain adversarial edges based on the union bound. In addition, considering the strong attacks which perturb a large number of edges, we propose a set of novel features to perform outlier detection as the preprocessing for our detection. Extensive experimental results on three real-world graph datasets including a private transaction rule dataset from a major company and two types of synthetic graphs with controlled properties show that EDoG can achieve above 0.8 AUC against four state-of-the-art unseen attack strategies without requiring any knowledge about the attack type; and around 0.85 with knowledge of the attack type. EDoG significantly outperforms traditional malicious edge detection baselines. We also show that an adaptive attack with full knowledge of our detection pipeline is difficult to bypass it.

机器学习的最新进展主要受益于大规模的可访问培训数据。但是，大规模的数据共享提出了极大的隐私问题。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种基于PAINE框架（G-PATE）的新型隐私保留数据生成模型，旨在训练可缩放的差异私有数据生成器，其保留高生成的数据实用程序。我们的方法利用生成的对抗性网来产生数据，与不同鉴别者之间的私人聚集相结合，以确保强烈的隐私保障。与现有方法相比，G-PATE显着提高了隐私预算的使用。特别是，我们用教师鉴别者的集合训练学生数据发生器，并提出一种新颖的私人梯度聚合机制，以确保对从教师鉴别者流到学生发电机的所有信息的差异隐私。另外，通过随机投影和梯度离散化，所提出的梯度聚合机制能够有效地处理高维梯度向量。从理论上讲，我们证明了G-PATE确保了数据发生器的差异隐私。经验上，我们通过广泛的实验证明了G-PAIN的优越性。我们展示了G-PATE是第一个能够在限量隐私预算下产生高数据实用程序的高维图像数据（$ \ epsilon \ LE 1 $）。我们的代码可在https://github.com/ai-secure/gate上获得。

Many visual recognition models are evaluated only on their classification accuracy, a metric for which they obtain strong performance. In this paper, we investigate whether computer vision models can also provide correct rationales for their predictions. We propose a ``doubly right'' object recognition benchmark, where the metric requires the model to simultaneously produce both the right labels as well as the right rationales. We find that state-of-the-art visual models, such as CLIP, often provide incorrect rationales for their categorical predictions. However, by transferring the rationales from language models into visual representations through a tailored dataset, we show that we can learn a ``why prompt,'' which adapts large visual representations to produce correct rationales. Visualizations and empirical experiments show that our prompts significantly improve performance on doubly right object recognition, in addition to zero-shot transfer to unseen tasks and datasets.

The body of research on classification of solar panel arrays from aerial imagery is increasing, yet there are still not many public benchmark datasets. This paper introduces two novel benchmark datasets for classifying and localizing solar panel arrays in Denmark: A human annotated dataset for classification and segmentation, as well as a classification dataset acquired using self-reported data from the Danish national building registry. We explore the performance of prior works on the new benchmark dataset, and present results after fine-tuning models using a similar approach as recent works. Furthermore, we train models of newer architectures and provide benchmark baselines to our datasets in several scenarios. We believe the release of these datasets may improve future research in both local and global geospatial domains for identifying and mapping of solar panel arrays from aerial imagery. The data is accessible at https://osf.io/aj539/.

Adaptation-relevant predictions of climate change are often derived by combining climate models in a multi-model ensemble. Model evaluation methods used in performance-based ensemble weighting schemes have limitations in the context of high-impact extreme events. We introduce a locally time-invariant model evaluation method with focus on assessing the simulation of extremes. We explore the behaviour of the proposed method in predicting extreme heat days in Nairobi.

Generic motion understanding from video involves not only tracking objects, but also perceiving how their surfaces deform and move. This information is useful to make inferences about 3D shape, physical properties and object interactions. While the problem of tracking arbitrary physical points on surfaces over longer video clips has received some attention, no dataset or benchmark for evaluation existed, until now. In this paper, we first formalize the problem, naming it tracking any point (TAP). We introduce a companion benchmark, TAP-Vid, which is composed of both real-world videos with accurate human annotations of point tracks, and synthetic videos with perfect ground-truth point tracks. Central to the construction of our benchmark is a novel semi-automatic crowdsourced pipeline which uses optical flow estimates to compensate for easier, short-term motion like camera shake, allowing annotators to focus on harder sections of video. We validate our pipeline on synthetic data and propose a simple end-to-end point tracking model TAP-Net, showing that it outperforms all prior methods on our benchmark when trained on synthetic data.

通过一系列联邦举措和命令，美国政府一直在努力确保美国在AI中的领导。这些广泛的战略文件影响了美国空军美国部（DAF）等组织。DAF-MIT AI加速器是DAF和MIT之间的一项计划，以弥合AI研究人员与DAF任务要求之间的差距。DAF-MIT AI加速器支持的几个项目正在开发公共挑战问题，这些问题解决了许多联邦AI研究的重点。这些挑战是通过公开可用的大型AI-Ready数据集，激励开源解决方案，并为可以激发进一步研究的双重使用技术创建需求信号，来针对优先事项。在本文中，我们描述了正在开发的这些公共挑战以及它们的应用如何促进科学进步。

可变形的物体操纵在我们的日常生活中具有许多应用，例如烹饪和洗衣折叠。操纵弹性塑料对象（例如面团）特别具有挑战性，因为面团缺乏紧凑的状态表示，需要接触丰富的相互作用。我们考虑将面团从RGB-D图像中变成特定形状的任务。尽管该任务对于人类来说似乎是直观的，但对于诸如幼稚轨迹优化之类的常见方法，存在局部最佳选择。我们提出了一种新型的轨迹优化器，该优化器通过可区分的“重置”模块进行优化，将单阶段的固定定位轨迹转换为多阶段的多阶段多启动轨迹，其中所有阶段均已共同优化。然后，我们对轨迹优化器生成的演示进行训练闭环政策。我们的策略将部分点云作为输入，从而使从模拟到现实世界的转移易于转移。我们表明，我们的政策可以执行现实世界的面团操纵，将面团的球弄平到目标形状。

本文提供了当前视频内容提取工具的比较，重点是比较基于任务的机器学习服务。在过去十年中，视频智能（VIDINT）数据已成为关键情报来源。基于AI的分析和自动化工具从视频中提取和构造内容的需求已迅速成为需要大规模搜索，分析和利用视频的组织的优先事项。随着机器学习技术的快速增长，机器转录，机器翻译，主题标签和对象识别任务的成熟度以指数级的速度提高，随着新应用程序的发展，速度和准确性的性能记录破坏了。本文的每个部分审查并根据与机器学习技术从视频中提取信息相关的任务进行了比较产品，软件资源和视频分析功能。

我们介绍了Soundspaces 2.0，这是一个用于3D环境的基于几何的音频渲染的平台。考虑到现实世界环境的3D网格，Soundspaces可以为从任意麦克风位置捕获的任意声音生成高度逼真的声音。它与现有的3D视觉资产一起支持一系列视听研究任务，例如视听导航，映射，源定位和分离以及声学匹配。与现有资源相比，Soundspaces 2.0具有允许连续的空间采样，对新型环境的概括以及可配置的麦克风和材料属性的优点。据我们所知，这是第一个基于几何的声学模拟，它提供了高忠诚和现实主义，同时也足够快地用于体现学习。我们展示了模拟器的属性，并根据现实世界的音频测量进行了基准性能。此外，通过涵盖具体导航和远场自动语音识别的两个下游任务，突出了后者的SIM2REAL性能。 Soundspaces 2.0可公开使用，以促进对感知系统的更广泛研究，这些系统既可以看到和听到。